Pure Carbon Composition: Diamonds consist almost entirely of carbon (99.95%). They share this element with graphite (used in pencils), but the unique arrangement of their carbon atoms makes diamonds incredibly durable and distinct.
Hardest Natural Substance: Diamonds are the hardest material found in nature, scoring a perfect 10 on the Mohs hardness scale. Only another diamond can scratch its surface.
Ancient Origins: Most diamonds were formed over a billion years ago, deep within the Earth's mantle, under extreme heat and pressure.
Global Sources: Major diamond-producing countries include Russia, Botswana, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. Until the 18th century, India was the sole source of mined diamonds.
The " 4Cs": A diamond's value is determined by its carat weight, color, clarity, and cut. These factors influence its appearance and desirability.
Cultural Significance: While diamonds are now iconic in engagement rings, ancient civilizations like the Greeks believed diamonds were divine tears, and medieval Europeans attributed them with healing powers.
Record-Breaking Diamond: The largest diamond ever found, the Cullinan diamond, weighed an astounding 3,106 carats. Discovered in South Africa in 1905, it was later cut into smaller pieces, many of which are part of the British Crown Jewels.
Sparkling Optical Properties: Diamonds are prized for their exceptional brilliance and fire, which result from their ability to reflect and refract light.
Synthetic Diamonds: Lab-grown diamonds have the same chemical and physical properties as natural ones. They are more affordable and created within weeks, making them a sustainable alternative.
Conflict-Free Efforts: The term "blood diamond" refers to stones mined in conflict zones to fund violence. Initiatives like the Kimberley Process aim to ensure diamonds are ethically sourced.